| Abstract |
Heavy metals (HMs) are toxic pollutants released into the surface and ground water as a result of different activities such as industries, mining, and agriculture. At present, a number of technologies can be used to remove HM from contaminated water such as filtration, adsorption, chemical precipitation and ion-exchange. However, these methods are not efficient in removing low HM concentrations, can be relatively expensive and may fail to achieve legal limits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of innovative processes which can remove low concentrations of HM economically. Many of the previous researches have been conducted on the removal of bulk amount of HM from aqueous solution, however, they could not account for the removal of HM present in low concentration, which is actually largely dependent on the affinity of the HM to the adsorbent. Few researches have been emphasized on the removal of low HM concentration from aqueous solution. Therefore, the removal of HM in both low and high concentrations was highlighted in this study.
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